All S.Qs of The Future of Science, Nanotechnology & Biotechnology for the book Science of Global Challenges. We have gathered all S.Qs for BS/MSc Physics.
Q.1 What is Nanotechnology?
Answer: Nanotechnology can be defined as the science and engineering involved in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of materials and devices whose smallest functional organization, in at least one dimension, is on the nanometer scale or one billionth of a meter.
Q.2 What is Biotechnology?
Answer: Biotechnology is a broad discipline in which biological processes, organisms, cells or cellular components are exploited to develop new technologies. New tools and products developed by biotechnologists are useful in research, agriculture, industry and the clinic.
Q.3 What is nanobiotechnology?
Answer: Biotechnology and nanotechnology are two of the 21st century’s most promising technologies. Nanotechnology (sometimes referred to as nanotech) is defined as the design, development and application of materials & devices whose least functional make up is on a nanometer scale. Generally, nanotechnology deals with developing materials, devices, or other structures possessing at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. Meanwhile, Biotechnology deals with metabolic and other physiological processes of biological subjects including microorganisms. Association of these two technologies, i.e. nanobiotechnology can play a vital role in developing and implementing many useful tools in the study of life.
Q.4 How nanotechnology will change the world?
Answer: In the future, nanotechnology might help us to make electrical lines, solar cells, and biofuels more efficient, and make nuclear reactors safer. Nanotechnology might lead to huge advances in health care, improving methods for detecting and treating diseases like cancer. Nanotechnology could also enable objects to harvest energy from their environment. New nano-materials and concepts are currently being developed that show potential for producing energy from movement, light, variations in temperature, glucose and other sources with high conversion efficiency.
Q.5 What are the applications of biotechnology in agriculture production?
Answer: The application of biological sciences in agriculture has become increasingly prominent in the past decade. The application of biotechnology in agriculture has resulted in benefits to farmers, producers, and consumers. Biotechnology has helped to make both insect pest control and weed management safer and easier while safeguarding crops against disease. Application of biotechnology in agriculture involves scientific techniques such as: genetically modified organisms, bt cotton, pest resistant plants, conventional plant breeding, tissue culture micro propagation, molecular breeding or marker, assisted selection, genetic engineering, molecular diagnostic tools. It helps in modifying plants, animals, and microorganisms and improves their agricultural productivity.
Q.6 What is meant by shelf life.
Answer: Shelf life is defined as the length of time a product may be stored without becoming unsuitable for use or consumption. Shelf life depends on the degradation mechanism of the specific product. Many juicy fruits possess short shelf life. For example tomato is used all over the world. In order to be shipped, tomatoes should be picked at mature green stage.
Q.7 What is Genetic Modification?
Answer: Genetic modification is a technique to change the characteristics of a plant, animal or microorganism by transferring a piece of DNA from one organism to a different organism.
Q.8 What is meant by CRISPR?
Answer: CRISPR is a powerful tool for editing genomes, meaning it allows researchers to easily alter DNA sequences and modify gene function. It has many potential applications, including correcting genetic defects, treating and preventing the spread of diseases, and improving the growth and resilience of crops. However, despite its promise, the technology also raises ethical concerns.
Q.9 What is Gene Therapy?
Answer: Gene therapy is a technique that modifies a person’s genes to treat or cure disease. Gene therapies can work by several mechanisms;
- Replacing a disease-causing gene with a healthy copy of the gene.
- Inactivating a disease-causing gene that is not functioning properly.
- Introducing a new or modified gene into the body to help treat a disease.
Gene therapy products are being studied to treat diseases including cancer, genetic diseases, and infectious diseases.
Q.10 What is meant by Exobiology?
Answer: Astrobiology, known as exobiology, is an interdisciplinary scientific field that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. The goal of NASA’s Exobiology program is to understand the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the Universe. Research is centered on the origin and early evolution of life, the potential of life to adapt to different environments, and the implications for life elsewhere.
Q.11 What is nutrition and nutritional science?
Answer: Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life. It includes ingestion, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion. The science that studies the physiological process of nutrition is called nutritional science.
Q.12 What are the 7 elements of nutrition?
Answer: There are seven major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, dietary fiber, minerals, proteins, vitamins, and water.
Q.13 Why is food consumption important?
Answer: Nutrition is the most important element in preventing and managing these chronic diseases, and as a result assessing dietary intake is vital in determining the nutritional risk associated with these diseases.
Q.14 What is the average diet in Pakistan?
Answer: Rice, wheat-based flatbread (roti, chappati, paratha, puri), lentils (dal), veg- etables (sabzi), yogurt, and fruits (eaten with a dash of salt) are staples throughout the country. The average Pakistani consumes three main meals; breakfast, lunch, and dinner. A very popular breakfast is Halva Puri.
