All exercise S.Qs of Human Survival and Infectious Diseases for the book Science of Global Challenges. We have gathered all S.Qs for BS/MSc Physics.
Q.1 What do you mean by the word disease?
Answer: A disease is any harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms and differing in nature from physical injury.
Q.2 What are non-communicable disease?
Answer: A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. NCDs include Parkinson’s disease, heart diseases, cancers, diabetes, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s disease, cataracts, etc.
Q.3 What are communicable disease?
Answer: A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another. They can spread through contact with blood and bodily °uids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.
Q.4 What is an infection?
Answer: An infection occurs when a microorganism enters a person’s body and causes harm.
Q.5 What is a vector of a disease?
Answer: Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious pathogens between humans, or from animals to humans.
Q.6 What are infectious diseases?
Answer: Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms – such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites e.g. SARS, influenza, the common cold, tuberculosis (TB), Hepatitis, etc.
Q.7 What are germs?
Answer: Germs are tiny organisms, or living things, that can cause disease.
Q.8 What is germ theory and who proposed it?
Answer: The germ theory of disease states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, protozoa, or fungi. The diseases are caused by the growth and replication of microorganisms. It was proposed by Louis Pasteur.
Q.9 What is a vaccine?
Answer: Vaccine is the suspension of weakened, killed, or fragmented microorganisms such as those consisting of antibodies, lymphocytes, or messenger RNA (mRNA), that is administered primarily to prevent disease.
Q.10 Who discovered vaccination?
Answer: English surgeon Edward Jenner discovered vaccination and that Louis Pasteur invented vaccines.
Q.11 Name some diseases which can be prevented by using vaccines.
Answer: Vaccines have brought seven major human diseases under some degree of control smallpox, diphtheria, tetanus, yellow fever, whooping cough, polio, and measles.
Q.12 What is Evolution?
Answer: Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations.
Q.13 Define Natural Selection?
Answer: Natural selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. There is variation among Individuals in a population; it means some individuals have traits better suited to the environment than others.
Q.14 What do you mean by Artificial selection?
Answer: It describes selection applied by humans in order to produce genetic change and to have desired characters.
Q.15 What is a mutation?
Answer: A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.
Q.16 Define Genetic Drift
Answer: Genetic drift is the drifting of the frequency of an allele (gene) relative to that of the other alleles in a population over time as a result of a chance or random event.
Q.17 What do you mean by gene flow?
Answer: Gene °ow is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another.
Q.18 What is antibiotic resistance?
Answer: It is the ability of germs like bacteria and fungi to defeat the drugs (medicine) designed to kill them.
Q.19 What is Psychology?
Answer: Psychology is the study of mind and behavior. It encompasses the biological influences, social pressures, and environmental factors that a®ect how people think, act, and feel.
